LEARN / CANNABIS DICTIONARY

An attachment accessory that facilitates ease of consumption. Some adapters protect a dab rig or bong from heating while others serve to catch excess oil or ash to prevent it from seeping into the water chamber.

A term similar to recreational that is selectively used by some state legislatures to describe cannabis dispensaries that serve patrons ages 21 and older.

A cultivation practice that involves suspending the plant roots in an environment of mist and air where they absorb water, nutrients, and oxygen. An aeroponic system is more temperamental than other types of cultivation practices and requires careful, consistent monitoring. Aeroponic cultivation allows for greater access to the oxygen in nutrient-rich solutions, which can lead to faster and more efficient growth than hydroponic or soil cultivation.

An oval-shaped sac located at the end of the stamen in which pollen is produced, stored, and later released from the male cannabis plant. If left undisturbed in nature, anthers will release pollen grains into the air.

Ash catchers are accessories that serve to keep your water pipe or bong clean. The ash catcher is an adapter that functions by filtering the smoke and reducing the amount of tar that enters the main chamber of the water pipe. The ash catcher can be removed for cleaning and easily reattached.

The heating element in a vape pen that converts the cannabis e-liquid into the vapor that you inhale. The term “atomizer” may also be a broad reference to the unit that contains the heating e-coils and wick. There are different types of atomizers that vary in their levels of effectiveness, pros and cons. Drip tip atomizers require making frequent drops of e-liquid (about 3 drops for every 3 puffs) which gives them a reputation of being thorough yet high maintenance. My drip tip atomizer takes up a lot of my time, but it’s all worth it. I just want a quick hit tonight, so I’m going to grab a disposable atomizer.

A characteristic that gives the cannabis plant the ability to start and complete the flowering phase as a result of the plant’s age without reducing daylight hours. Auto-flower characteristics are theorized to be a result of plants containing ruderalis genes. With age, auto-flowering cannabis can switch from vegetative growth to the flowering stage. Auto-flowering cannabis plants can start to flower within 2-4 weeks.

An aromatic compound which gives a blue pigment to some plants and fungi. It is sometimes found in cannabis, and can be concentrated during the distillation or extraction process.

Badder/Batter is one of the many consistencies for cannabis concentrates, identified by its malleable texture that looks and feels like cake frosting. Not all Badder looks the same, and the appearance depends on the starting material and methods of extraction. Budder is a cannabis concentrate with a soft, solid consistency similar to a stick of butter. Budder is one of many concentrate textures and appears in Rosin and many solvent-based extractions.

A dish that is used to vaporize cannabis concentrates on a bong or dab rig. Bangers can vary in design, but are generally circular and made of glass, quartz, ceramic, or titanium. Each material used has different qualities that can determine their ability to retain heat and easy ability to clean. Quartz is currently considered the superior material for making bangers. Unlike glass, quartz will not break after repeated heating at high temperatures. When made with the proper materials, the banger’s design allows it to withstand the intensely high temperatures associated with vaporizing cannabis concentrates.

A small quartz ball that’s placed in the banger while dabbing in order to evenly distribute the concentrate on the surface of the banger. Banger beads, sometimes described as dab pearls, are convenient for those who enjoy low-temperature dabs as they assist in the movement of melted concentrate to hotter areas of the banger.

A device used to heat and vaporize cannabis concentrates filled within a vape cartridge. Manufacturers craft various types of batteries, but the most common are 510-threaded and pod compatible. Some batteries activate with a button, while inhaling from the mouthpiece activates others.

A terpene found in cannabis that is also commonly produced by the chamomile flower. Bisabolol is known for its light, sweet and floral aroma, as well as its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-irritant, and analgesic properties. This terpene has been utilized in cosmetics for centuries for the perception that it has skin-healing properties.

A cigar that has been hollowed out and filled with cannabis. Blunts are generally rolled with the exact same tobacco leaf wrappers used for cigars. The term traces back to an American brand of cigars called Phillies that made a cigar called a blunt. Blunts are visually distinguishable from joints because of the dark brown cigar paper that encases them as well as a greater thickness. The thickness of the paper allows blunts to burn longer than joints, and it offers an experience to savor. Depending on how a blunt is rolled, it can look either smooth or give a veiny appearance. Roll me a blunt from that tobacco leaf wrapper over there. I’m in the mood for a long, slow smoke, so I’d rather have a blunt than a joint.

A water pipe typically used to smoke cannabis. The bowl is the part of the bong where cannabis buds are contained and heated. The smoke filters through water by traveling through the downstem, a cylinder glass piece with holes that connects the bowl to the bong. The smoke travels through the neck and up to the mouthpiece where users inhale.

A terpene valued for its woody, camphor-like aroma. A staple of Asian traditional medicine, borneol is an effective anti-inflammatory and pain reliever, primarily as a topical. Borneol has also proven effective as an anticoagulant for stroke patients, and may increase the effectiveness of other drugs.

The part of a pipe that is used to hold the cannabis. If attached to a water pipe, or bong, it is sometimes referred to as a slide. The bowl is an essential component for any cannabis flower smoking device. The bowl itself may be fashioned from wood, ceramic, plastic, glass, or bamboo, and embellished with carvings or other decorative touches. Like other bong accessories, the bowl is a removable attachment that you can clean separately.

A company that manufactures individually recognizable cannabis products. Brands foster a sense of ownership and belonging within consumers with each branded purchase. Brands also increase product visibility, allowing for consumers to navigate options with relative ease.

The process of crossing plants to produce desirable traits. In what has become the backbone of the cannabis industry, breeding and the terminology that surrounds it warrant a closer look to inform consumers.

The process of separating cannabis trichomes (resinous glands) from the plant using screen bags in icewater to render a concentrate. The term is used because hashish derived in this method typically bubbles when exposed to a flame. Bubble hash also refers to the resulting concentrate.

A hand-held water pipe. Similar to bongs, bubblers have a mouthpiece, bowl, stem, and water chamber. Most bubblers have fixed bowls that can not be removed. As the name implies, the bubbler may also contain a percolator that aerates your smoke. Bubblers with fixed bowls feature a carb, or hole, that is used to clear out the smoke.

Refers to the smokeable, trichome-covered part of the female cannabis plant. The quality of a bud is frequently judged by its aroma, color, and its density of trichomes. It is common for buds to be referred as nugs or cured flowers.

A dispensary associate who works at the storefront and represents the dispensary. Budtenders are responsible for educating consumers about the effects, benefits, and overall experience of cannabis products. While they are typically not medically trained, they serve as important guides to using cannabis products, and tailor their customer and patient service to all levels of experience.

A cannabis extract that uses butane as the primary solvent during the extraction process. Butane Hash Oil is most commonly referred by its initials BHO, and encompasses a myriad of textures and consistencies. Butane Hash Oil extraction can render Badder, Crumble, Sauce, and Shatter, depending on starting material, apparatus used, and techniques applied.

A terpene with a damp, pungent, herbal aroma. Studies indicate that camphene may be effective in treating cardiovascular disease. When mixed with vitamin C, camphene can be a powerful antioxidant that reduces oxidative stress in cells.

A waxy, flammable terpenoid with a strong aroma. It can be found naturally occurring in the wood of camphor laurel, kapur tree, rosemary leaves, in the mint family, and camphorweed. Camphor is a powerful terpene that has rich anesthetic and antimicrobial properties. It's mainly used for its scent, as a cooking ingredient, as an embalming fluid, for medicinal purposes, and in religious ceremonies.

A non-intoxicating cannabinoid with robust anti-inflammatory properties. CBC binds to the body’s TRPA1 receptor, which is a lesser-known component of the endogenous cannabinoid system.

A non-intoxicating cannabinoid found in a cannabis plant. The compound is formed when cannabichromene (CBC) is exposed to environmental changes. Although CBL is regularly found in many varieties of cannabis, scientists have not yet determined how it interacts with the receptors in the human body.

A rare, non-intoxicating compound that originates as cannabichromenic acid (CBCA) then converts to cannabicyclolic acid (CBLA) when cannabis is exposed to natural environmental changes during storage. CBLA has been studied for its anti-inflammatory properties, among other potential benefits.

A non-intoxicating cannabinoid found in cannabis. After tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) is the second-most abundant cannabinoid in the plant and has many potential therapeutic benefits, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-anxiety and seizure-suppressant properties. Cannabidiol can be sourced from both marijuana plants and hemp plants, which are legal in most countries as they contain less than 0.3% THC.

A common, non-intoxicating cannabinoid in the cannabis plant. It is the precursor of cannabidiol (CBD) and can be found in trichomes on raw and uncured cannabis. Through a process called decarboxylation, CBDA converts to CBD.

A non-intoxicating cannabinoid found in the cannabis plant that is similar to cannabidiol (CBD). CBDV interacts with components of the endocannabinoid system to regulate brain function, and it shows strong promise in the treatment of epilepsy.

A non-intoxicating cannabinoid that is the precursor for THC, CBD, and several other common cannabinoids. Enzymes known as synthases are responsible for converting CBGA into “downstream” molecules such as THCA, the raw, unactivated molecule that converts to THC when heat is applied.

A chemical compound found in cannabis and produced by the human body that interacts with our bodies’ receptors. Endocannabinoids, or internally produced cannabinoids, are an essential component of our bodies’ endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is largely responsible for maintaining internal balance. Phytocannabinoids, or cannabinoids produced by the cannabis plant, mimic the functions of our endocannabinoids and are responsible for the euphoric effects associated with THC.

A condition in which a cannabis consumer becomes nauseated after prolonged cannabis use. The user also may experience other symptoms including vomiting and abdominal pain.

The cannabinoid into which tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) breaks down after prolonged periods of time. The degradation can be accelerated by exposing dried plant matter to oxygen and heat. Cannabinol (CBN) is only mildly intoxicating; with current research indicating it may only be one-fourth (¼) the potency of THC.

A genus of sturdy plant species whose parts are used to produce hemp, medicinal products and adult-use stimulants. Cannabis can be prepared in numerous forms, including smokable flower, concentrates, infused in food items as edibles or mixed into topical products. Cannabis use has been a medical and social staple in world civilizations for millennia and gained notoriety during the 19th century.

A pill-sized, dissolvable cylinder used as a vehicle to administer medication through ingestion. Capsule shells, of which there are many variants, can contain any form of cannabis, even decarboxylated flower. Capsules range from single cannabinoid to full-spectrum or strain-specific oil, providing consumers with a myriad of choices to suit their exact needs. These often function as safer alternatives to combusting or vaping bud.

Dabbing accessory that restricts airflow and traps heat around domeless nails or bangers, allowing the cannabis concentrate to vaporize at a lower temperature, preserving the quality and flavor of the concentrate.

The process of using a plastic card to help draw material through a screen while sifting trichomes from dried flower. This is performed to remove any plant material that may have been initially removed from the dried flower. A compliance check in which a staff member of a dispensary or other cannabis establishment reviews cannabis users’ identification card to determine whether they can legally consume cannabis products. Carding may involve a regular ID as well as a medical cannabis recommendation. Laws and regulations regarding the sale and use of cannabis vary around the world.

Delta-3-carene is a bicyclic monoterpene with a pungent, sweet-citrus aroma. It is most often valued for its anti-inflammatory, bone-strengthening, and mosquito-repelling properties. Carene is also known to dry teary eyes and runny noses, as well as reduce menstrual flows.

A container with a mouthpiece filled with concentrated cannabis for use with batteries. Cartridges, or “carts,” are offered in multiple formats, from 510-threaded cartridges that twist onto the battery to pods that magnetically snap into place. Cartridges built with ceramic tanks run less of a risk of ruining the flavor, as they do not rely on a wick or metallic coil to vaporize the oil.

An extremely common terpene found in cannabis that is known for its herbal spiciness, tinted by hints of wood. It is most commonly found in black pepper, cinnamon, and hops. Caryophyllene is a potent component in anti-inflammatory salves and topicals, and also has anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiseptic properties. Caryophyllene is considered a dietary cannabinoid, because of its ability to bind to CB2 cannabinoid receptors after being consumed orally.

A vitally important protein in the body’s endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS). CB1 is the main target of delta-9-THC, the primary intoxicating ingredient in cannabis. THC is an agonist, or activator of the CB1. THC must bind to the CB1 receptor for a person to feel the cannabinoid’s intoxicating effects.

An important protein in the body’s endogenous cannabinoid system that is heavily involved in the body’s immune system, and plays an important role in fighting inflammation.

A sesquiterpene with a fresh, subtly woody aroma, typically found in the essential oil of cedar. Cedrene is a versatile terpene. Essential oils containing cedrene have been tested for astringent, antispasmodic, and anti-tumor properties. Cedrene is also being used as an effective mosquito repellant.

A document issued by an internal quality assurance team or third-party analytical testing lab that confirms that the product has passed inspection and meets regulatory standards. A certificate of analysis can include information on the following; cannabinoids, terpenes, heavy metals, pesticides, microbes, mycotoxins, moisture content, water activity, residual solvents, and the presence of foreign materials. The certificate of analysis shows that this batch of Skywalker OG contains high amounts of pinene and is free of contaminants. My vape cartridge came with a certificate of analysis that has the strain’s test results and ingredients.

A terpene with a fresh, floral-citrus aroma that can be found in rose and other botanical oils. Citronellol is well known as an effective mosquito repellent and has long been used in perfume and beauty products. Research into its medical uses is growing, and it shows potential as a useful anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and cardiovascular regulating agent.

A cannabis plant that is a genetic copy of the “mother plant.” When obtained from a reputable breeder, a clone is a young female cannabis plant with stable genetics. Growers typically select to raise clones instead of seeds when they would rather not risk getting a plant that’s male or with poor characteristics (i.e. low yield, undesirable smell, etc.).

Equipment that allows processors to extract the active compounds from the cannabis plant using a variety of solvents in a safe, efficient environment, within which the utilized solvent completes a full loop.

Carbon dioxide. In cannabis concentrates, CO2 refers to a nonflammable solvent used to extract the desirable compounds from the cannabis plant. The CO2 extraction process can include the use of subcritical and supercritical fluids, which vary in pressure and temperature.

Substances in which the more desirable properties of cannabis, namely cannabinoids and terpenes, have been isolated. There are many cannabis concentrates in a variety of formats and textures. Non-active forms of concentrate need to be heated to experience their effects. Concentrates with active cannabinoids, usually distillate, are infused into edibles, tinctures, and topicals to provide effects without the application of heat.

The first leaves that appear on a cannabis seedling as it emerges from the soil. also known as “baby leaves,” cotyledon leaves () grow in pairs, although some strains may have three cotyledon leaves.

An extract identified by its malleable texture that falls apart, or “crumbles,” when handled. Crumble, sometimes called “honeycomb wax,” is quite versatile, and not limited to just dabbing; many sprinkle the extract over the top of cannabis buds in a bowl, blunt, or joint. The crumble texture results from elevated temperatures used during the solvent removal process or by whipping the extract under the presence of heat.

The purest form of cannabis Concentrate, this Extract consists of a single type of cannabinoid, usually tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), or cannabidiol (CBD). Crystalline is formed by thoroughly refining cannabis oil and serves as a base for formulated cannabis products. While possibly more potent, Crystalline lacks the flavor of other Concentrates and some of the medicinal benefits due to the isolation from the original terpenes.

A plant variety, commonly referred to as a “strain.” In cannabis, the term cultivar delineates between a cannabis plant’s smell, flavors, yield, pharmacological effects and other distinct characteristics. The taxonomic rank typically refers to varieties grown agriculturally and not found in the wild, which are called landrace strains.

The process by which cannabis flowers are produced. Cannabis plants can start from seed or clone and can be cultivated indoors or outdoors, with natural or artificial light, in soil or using soilless practices such as hydroponics or aeroponics. For proper cultivation, cannabis has certain requirements including a suitable growth medium, optimal temperature, light, water, humidity levels, and proper nutrients. Pests, wind, and rain can all be challenges during cultivation.

A very common terpene with a variety of biological activities, most notably its anti-bacterial and anti-microbial effects. In addition to its presence in certain cannabis cultivars, cymene is found in more than 100 different plants.

A mat placed underneath a dab rig in order to protect the surface from any residue that may drip off the dab nail. The primary purpose of dab mats is to protect the rig from both scratching and breaking, but it can also be a great place to put your dabber when it’s not being used.

A pipe designed for vaporizing cannabis concentrates, sometimes referred to as an oil rig, vapor rig, or concentrate pipe. Similarly to a bong, a dab rig filters concentrate vapor through water at the base. In addition to the central piece, dab rigs require a glass, quartz, ceramic or titanium nail, or banger to hold or “dab” concentrate, a dabber tool, and torch lighter for proper heating.

1) Noun. A term used to describe an unspecified dose of concentrate. Dab can be used to refer to a form of concentrate such as budder, crumble, sauce, shatter, or wax. 2) Verb. The act of inhaling vaporized cannabis concentrates through a temperature-specific heating method such as a dab rig, e-rig, or vaporizer.

A pointed tool used in the dabbing process. The dabber is used to pick up a dab of cannabis concentrate, such as wax, shatter or BHO, and apply it to a heated surface on an oil rig pipe. Dabbers are generally constructed from glass or stainless steel metal and can make your dabbing experience both safer and neater. The dabber serves as a protective barrier between your bare hands and the heated surface. A dabber can be compared to a cooking utensil like metal tongs that a chef uses to pick up a hot potato. The dabber serves the same purpose with a different object. I bought a dabber yesterday, and I’m going to use it when I fire up my oil rig pipe. That dabber saved my skin when I was heating up my pipe last night.

The process of heating a cannabinoid to the point of removing a carboxyl group that enhances its ability to interact with the body’s receptors. Decarboxylation is dependent on time and temperature. For example, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) will naturally decarboxylate into THC over time, or immediately after being exposed to an open flame.

To decrease the penalties associated with a crime.

A mobile service that takes cannabis products directly to medical marijuana patients and adult-use customers. This type of service offers a solution for people who cannot access a marijuana dispensary and is a safe, convenient way to shop for cannabis products.

A term used in the cannabis industry to describe the process of forming and removing the isolated cannabinoids — most often THCA — from sauce. Both the end product and process are referred to as diamond mining, as they can resemble small diamonds. The remaining liquid portion is called terp sauce.

A term used in the cannabis industry to describe crystalline structures, primarily THCA, that are developed in sauce extracts or isolated on their own.

A name that is commonly used to describe the intoxicating fuel aroma and flavor of certain cannabis varieties. Sour Diesel, Chemdawg, GG4, and Bruce banner are some of the most common varieties. Similar to dank, the term was originally used to describe high-quality cannabis of any origin.

A cannabis storefront that dispenses medical or adult-use cannabis products for sale or donation. Customers will find two types of dispensaries, medical and recreational. Depending on local laws and regulations, medical cannabis dispensaries typically cater to patients 18 years and older, and patients with caregivers with a cannabis marijuana recommendation or card issued by a doctor qualified to recommend cannabis. Recreational cannabis dispensaries typically cater to adult customers 21 years and older.

A runny, translucent oil devoid of the waxes or undesirable compounds from the original plant. Distillate is desirable due to its potency and versatility. It can be used to dab, vaporize, and as an ingredient in Edibles, Topicals, and other products. Distillate concentrates are achieved through an extensive refinement process that separates compounds found in the cannabis plant.

A merchant who supplies cannabis goods to businesses and consumers. Some jurisdictions require a distributor to facilitate the transportation of cannabis goods from the producer to a dispensary. The distributor is going to drop off the order of vape cartridges. We are using a different distributor for our flower.

The measured amount of a medicine or drug intended to be taken at one time. The recommended dose for infused edibles is 10 mg of THC. The dose of tincture can be added to juice or applied directly under the tongue.

A long piece glass that serves as a connector between the bowl and the body of a bong or water pipe. The downstem facilitates a suction pressure that draws the smoke down through the mouthpiece as you inhale. They can be removable or fixed to the glass piece. Downstems are often equipped with diffusers that aerate the smoke and provide a smoother hit.

A concentrate created through the accumulation of trichome glands from cured cannabis. Dry sift, also called kief, is the least expensive type of concentrate to produce, but one of the hardest to make. It is made by sifting cannabis through screens that vary in size, depending on how large or small the trichomes are. Dry sift can be used on its own, mixed with tobacco, or mixed with cannabis buds for additional potency.

Short for electronic nail, an e-nail is a dabbing device that is digitally controlled and lets the user set and maintain a precise temperature on a dab rig. The temperature used may vary depending on the cannabis concentrate. Unlike traditional hand torches and nails, the e-nail maintains a constant temperature and does not cool down after its use. Sometimes called e-rigs, e-nails are battery-powered and can reach temperatures of 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit, or 538 degrees Celsius, in a matter of seconds.

Any food that is infused with cannabinoids. Cannabis edibles can be made into brownies, cookie dough, pasta and more. Any recipe that calls for butter or oil can be readily infused with cannabis. Edibles and their cannabinoids are processed differently than inhaled cannabis. An Edible's cannabinoids enter the bloodstream through the stomach and liver, which incurs a longer effect time before its effects can be felt. This process also draws out the edible's intoxicating effects, sometimes causing them to last between four to six hours.

Any drinkable product that contains cannabinoids or cannabis-derived terpenes. Cannabis Elixirs run the gamut from infused sodas to wines and champagnes. Any beverage recipe that calls for syrup can be infused with cannabis to bring out its medicinal and intoxicating effects. Cannabis-infused beverages are digested by the body much in the same way that edibles are; an elixir's cannabinoids enter the bloodstream through the stomach and liver, incurring a longer effect time before its effects are sensed by the brain. As with edibles, an Elixir's intoxication can last between 4 to 6 hours.

An organic compound produced by the body that binds to cannabinoid receptors. Anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are the two most prevalent cannabinoids made by the body. Endocannabinoids share a likeness to plant-produced cannabinoids called phytocannabinoids. Endocannabinoids are responsible for regulating the brain, endocrine, and immune systems and play an essential role in maintaining the body’s homeostasis, or internal regulatory balance.

A system of cannabinoid receptors, lipids, and enzymes that performs a large role in maintaining homeostasis, or internal regulatory balance, in many bodily functions. All mammalian vertebrates have an endocannabinoid system, which interacts with endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids that are found in cannabis. The endocannabinoid system’s far-reaching influence is what allows cannabis to provide medicinal benefits for a large range of symptoms.

The combined effect of different cannabis compounds that sync with other cannabis compounds to produce a greater effect, rather than relying on an entourage of compounds to create the desired effect. As long as there are THC, CBD, and terpenoids present, you will experience an ensemble effect and feel the cannabis plant’s therapeutic benefits. The ensemble of chemicals found in cannabis coincide with each other to create a particular effect.

The combined effect of different compounds found in cannabis that work together as a whole to produce a greater effect than if working separately to produce separate effects. The role of terpenes and cannabinoids enhance the entourage effect and magnify therapeutic benefits. CBD and THC act together to boost benefits while subduing negative effects to deliver a balanced entourage effect.

When a substance that is used or produced during cultivation is carried through the air to a neighboring crop in an uncontrolled manner. In cannabis cultivation, the two largest culprits for environmental crossover are pesticides and pollen, which can reduce yields and cause a crop to fail regulatory requirements. The environmental crossover from the neighboring peanut field that used airplanes to spray pesticides on their crops introduced unwanted pesticides into my flower. My female plants began producing seeds as a result of the environmental crossover from the pollen produced in the neighboring cannabis nursery.

Cannabis extract created with ethanol as the primary solvent used during the extraction process. Ethanol Hash Oil is most commonly referred to by its initials, EHO, and encompasses a myriad of textures and consistencies.

Chemically, eucalyptol is a cyclic ether and monoterpenoid with a fresh, minty scent and a spicy yet cooling taste. Eucalyptol may also be referred to by other synonyms, notably cineole. This terpene is present in cannabis as well as sweet basil, rosemary, sage, bay leaves, camphor laurel, tea tree and, of course, eucalyptus. Eucalyptol is known for possessing respiratory and anti-inflammatory medicinal properties.  

A cannabis concentrate produced with the use of a solvent. “Extract” and “Concentrate” are sometimes used interchangeably, though this is technically incorrect. Not all concentrates are extracts, but all extracts are concentrates. The most common solvents used in cannabis extractions include butane, propane, ethanol, and supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2).

A process that uses solvents to separate the desirable compounds of cannabis from the rest of the plant matter to produce a Concentrate, often called an “Extract.” There are several methods of extraction that are dependent upon the type of solvent used, including butane, propane, ethanol, and supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2).

Seeds that are bred to produce only female plants once they are planted, as opposed to regular seeds that have a 50% chance of producing male plants. Feminized seeds can produce resinous buds after the flowering stage. Feminized seeds are bred to contain no male chromosome.

A monoterpenoid and isomer of borneol frequently used in perfume manufacturing. Possessing a fresh, lemon-lime taste, fenchol is also known for infusing basil with its signature scent.

The combination of flame and heat that is applied to a joint, blunt, bong, or dab rig so cannabis can be consumed. Also used colloquially to describe high-quality cannabis.

Organic compounds that work synergistically with terpenes to provide aroma and flavor in cannabis and a variety of other organisms, including plants, fruits, and vegetables. Flavonoids are formed inside cannabis trichomes, and may also work synergistically with terpenes and cannabinoids in producing therapeutic effects.

A general term that refers to the smokable, trichome-covered part of a female cannabis plant. Flower is the most popular form of cannabis due to its versatility, offering numerous consumption methods, such as being smoked using a pipe or bong, or by rolling it in a joint or blunt.

A cannabis concentrate produced that preserves the full cannabinoid and terpene contents of the raw cannabis plant. The goal of a full spectrum extract is to maintain the complex range of desirable compounds in a cannabis plant without altering them through decarboxylation or oxidation. Full Spectrum Cannabis Oil (FSCO) and Full Extract Cannabis Oil (FECO) are common designations synonymous with full spectrum extract. Popular extracts that may be considered full spectrum include sauce, live resin, High Terpene Full Spectrum Extract (HTFSE), and High Cannabinoid Full Spectrum Extract (HCFSE).

A term from the Sanskrit language in India to refer to Cannabis sativa. During the late 19th Century, “ganja” made its vocabulary debut by way of Indian laborers in Jamaica, where it became common among Jamaican fieldworkers.

The genetic makeup of an organism that determines its possible characteristics. In cannabis, this includes the plant’s color, height, resistance to disease, and general ability to produce resins.

A monoterpenoid and alcohol that is a primary component of citronella oil, rose oil and palmarosa oil. Geraniol occurs naturally in the essential oils of geranium and lemon as well as numerous fruits, flowers and vegetables. The terpene has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal properties in addition to a host of purposes in personal and industrial products.

A common terpene also derived from berries, lemongrass, roses, and thyme. Geranyl displays antimicrobial properties and is known for its potent floral aroma shot through with fruitiness.

A structure made primarily of transparent material, often glass, in which cultivators grow plants. Greenhouse cannabis cultivation allows for the plants to grow in natural sunlight while being protected from external elements associated with outdoor grows. Greenhouse cultivation is also more environmentally friendly and minimizes the energy expenditure associated with indoor grows.

A device users to break cannabis flowers into smaller pieces for joints, blunts, and bowls. Place the nug in between the teeth of the grinder, then twist the top and bottom of the grinder in opposite directions to break down the flower. Herb grinders may also include a kief catcher in the bottom chamber that gathers the knocked off kief from the nug in the grinding process.

A sesquiterpenoid alcohol found in plants including cypress pine and cannabis, as well as the oil of the guaiacum plant from which it derives its name. Sometimes referred to as champacol, this terpene possesses a floral, woody scent profile, and has been researched for potential anticancer and antibacterial benefits.

The final phase of cultivation when the cannabis plant is chopped down. In the Northern Hemisphere, outdoor cannabis crops typically reach harvest time in October and November. Experienced growers time the exact moment and processes of their harvest to maximize their flower’s tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) content, as well as their full terpene profile.

A solvent-free cannabis concentrate comprising trichome glands from the cannabis plant that have been pressed together. Hash making is an ancient art that dates back thousands of years. All it requires is sifting a cannabis plant to harvest the trichome glands, then compressing those loose trichomes together under mild heat. Hash ranges in appearance from translucent amber to black tar, determined by the quality and variety of the cannabis used, temperature, and method employed.

Toxicants that are absorbed by plants during their growth from the hydroponics’ nutrients, fertilizer, water, and soils and can trigger a range of health problems in low concentrations. Most cannabis regulations require producers to test for heavy metals and severely limit the amount available in the final form. Heavy metals commonly tested include arsenic, nickel, lead, mercury, copper, zinc, chromium, and cadmium. Always test your soil for heavy metals to ensure they do not make it into your flower. If your cannabis contains heavy metals, you could be inhaling dangerous things like lead.

Cannabis sativa varieties that contain low concentrations of THC. The maximum amount of THC is not standard and varies from country to country. Also referred to as “industrial hemp,” the U.S. government regulates hemp to not exceed 0.3 percent THC on a dry-weight basis. Other countries have similar restrictions. Hemp is cultivated for its seeds or fiber and often used in dietary supplements, skin products, and clothing. The seeds, which contain about 30 percent oil, are edible and a good source of fiber, protein, vitamin E, potassium, and magnesium. Studies have shown consuming hemp seeds may lower blood pressure and risk of heart disease. The oil from hemp seeds can be used to make edible oils in addition to paints, soaps, and varnishes.

A terpene classified as a monocyclic sesquiterpene and component of the essential oil from the flowering cone of the hops plant. Humulene is present in plants including cannabis in high concentrations, sometimes as high as 40 percent. The terpene is currently under exploration for its prospects as an anti-inflammatory agent with a capacity to treat allergies.

A cannabis plant that’s strategically bred to inherit the most favorable characteristics from its two parent plants. Hybrid strains can be a combination of any plant types and flower will either be sativa-dominant, indica-dominant, or equally balanced.

A cultivation method that does not use soil, but rather keeps the roots of the plant submerged in water. Growing media such as coco coir, clay pebbles, or another lightweight, expandable aggregate are used with liquid nutrients to replace soil.

A cannabis concentrate formed by sifting the trichomes of the cannabis plant in the presence of ice water. Ice hash, (commonly referred to as ice water hash, bubble hash, or wet sift) is typically dabbed, but can also be used to add potency to flower. Ice hash is a modern form of hash making, and just like traditional hash, can be crafted by hand or mechanically.

A term used in the cannabis consumer marketplace to describe cannabis products with sedating, relaxing, and heavy physical effects. Indica cannabis plants are typically short in stature and feature broad leaves and shorter growing cycles. Indica cultivars are well-suited for growth in cooler climates due to their shorter flowering periods.

A term that indicates a cannabis plant was cultivated under artificial lighting and a climate-controlled environment. Indoor cultivation allows growers to maintain meticulous control over the environmental factors, such as light, heat, water, nutrition, and pests. Indoor-cultivated cannabis typically costs more than the outdoor variety.

A long-term pest prevention program that utilizes a combination of pest control methods to prevent pest populations from growing across the point when they will cause a loss in overall yield that is financially equal to or more than the cost incurred to prevent their growth. Integrated pest management (IPM) helps manages the ecosystem by preventing pests. Integrated pest management (IPM) allows for safer pest control.

A terpene with a spicy, woody aroma. Isoborneol is also commonly used as a food additive, a flavoring agent, and a natural insect repellent. Isoborneol is an isomeric form of borneol — the isomers, or compounds, in the two are the same, but the atomic arrangements and properties are different.

A terpene present in cannabis, distinctive for its potent minty aroma and taste. Isopulegol is the chemical precursor to menthol and is also found in lemongrass and geranium. Some potential health benefits of isopulegol include anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and antiviral effects.

Cannabis rolled into a thin sheet of smokable paper. Joint paper material varies from hemp to edible gold and are available in most convenience stores, smoke shops, and dispensaries. Joints that include a mixture of tobacco and cannabis are called “spliffs,” and a “preroll” refers to a ready-to-smoke joint created by a manufacturer or a dispensary.

An accumulation of trichome glands sifted from cannabis flowers with a mesh screen or sieve. Kief is the most potent part of the plant in terms of cannabinoids with a high concentration of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA). Kief can be pressed into hash, used as an ingredient to infuse food or to top off joints and blunts.

A family of hybrid cannabis varieties that stem from landrace hashish strains from the Hindu Kush mountain range of Afghanistan. While the exact origin is still unknown, Kush became popular in the U.S. in the 1970s with most current cross-breeds attributed to clones from Matt “Bubba” Berger and Josh D. Varieties in the kush family tend to have unique aromas that may be earthy, sweet, gaslike, or reminiscent of citrus, but individual varieties will affect its specific attributes. Kush is often deep green with hints of purple, and its hairs may be rust-colored. OG Kush is a popular variety that is said to provide an uplifting euphoria for cannabis users despite its heavy sedative properties. Additional varieties include Bubba Kush, Purple Kush, Master Kush, Hindu Kush, and Skywalker OG.

A cannabis plant grown in its native environment and geographical region. Landrace cultivars, or strains, were domesticated and relocated by humans and throughout the years acclimated to the areas in which they were rooted. This resulted in a change to their physical and chemical characteristics. Acapulco Gold, Panama Red, Afghanistan, and Durban Poison are examples of original landrace strains of cannabis domesticated for traditional cultivation.

The most recognizable part of the cannabis plant and the primary location of photosynthesis and transpiration. There are two major types of leaves; fan leaves and sugar leaves. The fan leaves are the large leaves that contain very little trichomes. Differences in fan leaf size and width can indicate whether a plant is of the sativa, indica, or ruderalis variety. The sugar leaves are the small, trichome-covered leaves that surround the flower clusters and are typically trimmed off the plant after it has been harvested and dried.

To make something that was previously prohibited permissible by law. California voted to pass Proposition 64, which legalized the adult-use of marijuana for consumers 21 years and older. Advocacy organizations strive to eliminate the negative stigma associated with cannabis and work to legalize the use of marijuana.

A terpene recognizable for its zesty citrus fragrance, primarily in lemon, but also in orange, lime, and grapefruit. Limonene is found in the peels of these citrus fruits and in many varieties of cannabis.

A terpene derived from flower and spice plants, as well as some fungi. Linalool is frequently used as a scent and flavoring agent in addition to serving as an element in pesticides.

A term that refers to the process and resulting concentrate extracted from fresh cannabis plant material that was not dried or cured. This method is used to retain the terpenes that are lost during the drying and curing process. Products that have been extracted using the Live Resin process—freezing the cannabis plant material and extracting it—have been associated as high-quality and flavorful concentrates due to the high amounts of terpenes.

A slang term for cannabis, typically used to describe the drug-type of cannabis plant grown to produce varying psychotropic effects in users. Once cultivated, harvested, and dried, marijuana can be smoked, eaten, or extracted to enjoy its intoxication. Marijuana, as a slang term, was popularized during the prohibitionist movement in the early 20th century, a Anglicized corruption of "marihuana" or "mariguana," Spanish terms for cannabis. Today, marijuana has largely been accepted as a formal variation of the word cannabis.

A cannabinoid-based oral medication approved by the FDA in 1985 that contains dronabinol, a synthetic type of THC, the intoxicating ingredient in cannabis. Marinol has FDA approval specifically to treat anorexia associated with weight loss in HIV/AIDS patients, as well as nausea and vomiting that many cancer patients experience while undergoing chemotherapy.

Medical or medicinal marijuana is cannabis recommended by a doctor as therapeutic treatment for a chronic and debilitating condition. In the United States, medical marijuana can be found in dispensaries that require a doctor's certification to enter. Also, medical marijuana is often subject to different taxes, testing procedures, and regulations than recreational marijuana, but this varies state by state.

An organic compound derived from mint oils. This waxy, crystalline terpene occurs naturally in mint plants including peppermint and spearmint, although it can also be produced synthetically.

Single-cell microorganisms, or microbes, found in plants that can cause intestinal distress and damage to the immune system if not kept under control. Most cannabis regulations require producers to test for total microbials and severely limit the amount available in the final form. The most commonly tested microorganisms include, but are not limited to, Escherichia coli (E. coli), salmonella, aspergillus, and any fungus. E. Coli and salmonella are microbials. Cannabis that has been contaminated with microbials are potentially harmful.

The amount of water content contained in a given cannabis sample. Most jurisdictions regulate the amount of moisture that is allowed in a packaged cannabis sample. The ideal moisture content will keep fully cured cannabis buds from drying out and burning up too fast, but simultaneously dry enough to prevent mold and to still provide an enjoyable smoke. The ideal moisture content for completely cured cannabis is between eight percent (8%) and 10%. Curing is done to reduce the moisture content of the plant.

Nugs of cannabis flower dipped in extracts and rolled in kief. Moon rocks are typically high in THC, averaging more than 50%, and valued foremost for their potency.

Highly toxic nonliving compounds that are a byproduct of fungus production during cultivation and known to be dangerous to humans, animals, and plants. Jurisdictions with regulated medical or adult-use cannabis tend to require analytical laboratory testing of the two most common mycotoxins found in cannabis, aflatoxins, and ochratoxins. Laboratories report the quantities of mycotoxins detected in micrograms per kilograms (µg/kg).

A monoterpene and a significant component of the essential oil of numerous plants and fruits. These include cannabis, ylang-ylang, bay, parsley, wild thyme, lemongrass, hops and cardamom, plus the mango fruit. The production of myrcene generally derives semi-synthetically from the myrcia flower. The terpene’s floral origins make it an indirect ingredient in some fragrances. Myrcene is notable as the most prominent terpene contained in cannabis according to a Swiss study, comprising up to 65% of the terpene content in a cannabis plant.

A quartz, ceramic, or titanium insert that is an integral part of a dab rig used to vaporize cannabis concentrates. Sometimes called a spike, the nail is heated by a hand torch or electric coil to a temperature at which it is able to vaporize concentrates that are applied to its surface. This process is referred to as dabbing. A nail can be fitted inside a dome in which the vapor gets trapped, or nails can be domeless with holes that provide for smoother air flow.

A version of a portable dab rig, recognizable by its vertical design, a straw used as a mouthpiece, and a titanium or quartz tip that is heated up and used to vaporize cannabis concentrate. Nectar collectors are used by first heating up the tip with a torch and then using the hot tip to make contact with a concentrate.

A sesquiterpene present in the essential oils of many plants and flowers, such as lavender and jasmine. Alternately referred to as peruviol and penetrol, this terpene possessing a floral or woody aroma reminiscent of fresh tree bark.

A cannabis business that sells and delivers cannabis or cannabis products to consumers. The order of concentrates was delivered to the customer’s door by the non-retail marijuana business. Some non-retail cannabis businesses offer a service that allows customers to schedule a time for their delivery to arrive.

A term adapted by the cannabis industry to refer to manicured buds from the cannabis plant. Nugs are the smokable part of the colas that are commonly referred to as flower. The term is also used as a slang reference to high-quality cannabis.

A term that refers to a batch of concentrates that were produced using cured cannabis nugs as the primary extraction material. This type of concentrate uses the most trichome-rich part of the cannabis plant to produce the most flavorful and potent concentrates possible. The textures produced can range from a brittle Shatter to a liquid or creamy, Sauce-like consistency.

A monoterpene found in various plants and fruits and bearing a sweet, woodsy scent. Mint, parsley, tarragon, kumquats and mangos are a few of the natural sources of ocimene.

A dangerous and unregulated method of extracting cannabis. Open blasting takes place within a glass or metal tube and is a solvent-based extraction performed without a closed-loop system. Due to the risk of explosion, open blasting is considered a potentially dangerous process and is not used in commercial extraction facilities. I wouldn’t go for the open blasting method if I were you; I’d use a closed loop system instead. They were lucky that there was no butane explosion after all that open blasting.

A term that describes cannabis plants grown under natural sunlight and exposed environments. Many factors play into successful outdoor cultivation, including location, weather conditions, pests, plant diseases, altitude, and the genetic disposition of the cultivar. In the Northern Hemisphere, outdoor cannabis cultivation follows seasonal agricultural timelines, typically with planting in April and harvesting in October and November.

Any substance used to inhibit the growth and destroy harmful microorganisms that threaten the health of cultivated plants or animals. Most regulated cannabis markets set limits and require testing for residual pesticides on all products before they are allowed to be sold.

A pair of organic compounds, identified as alpha-phellandrene and beta-phellandrene, which share similar molecular structure and chemical properties.

The process of growing many seeds of a particular variety to find a phenotype with dominant traits desired by the grower. These traits include, but are not limited to: color; smell; cannabinoid content; growth characteristics such as resistance to pests, overall height, total flowering time; and average yields. Growers look for things like smell, trichome production and size, and overall yield when pheno hunting. Out of all the Tangie seeds planted, #33 is my favorite pheno. Let’s call it Tangie #33!

Chemical molecules similar to cannabinoids and terpenes that are synthesized by plants. Phenolic compounds are present in more than 10,000 structures including flavonoids, lignanamides, and phenolic acids. About 20 flavonoids exist in Cannabis sativa, with cannflavin A and cannflavin B unique to cannabis.

The visible characteristics or traits of a plant, such as the color of the leaves, trichome density, flower structure, stem thickness, and length between nodes.

A cannabinoid produced in trichomes of the cannabis plant. When derived from the plant and consumed, phytocannabinoids interact with our body’s receptors to produce numerous psychotropic and therapeutic effects. Both plants and animals produce their own cannabinoids, those produced inside the mammalian body are called endocannabinoids.

An acyclic diterpene alcohol with a grassy aroma. This terpene is used to synthesize vitamins E and K. Phytol occurs naturally in green tea and exhibits a mild sedative effect. This terpene is known for its antioxidant properties. Research is emerging on how phytol may be effective against tumors, inflammation, and convulsions.

One of the most commonly occurring terpenes in cannabis. There are two forms of pinene: alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, with alpha-pinene being the more prevalent in cannabis. Alpha-pinene is also the most abundant terpenoid found in nature.

A small, handheld device used to smoke cannabis. Pipes are available in most dispensaries and in any smoke shop. Cannabis flower is packed into the bowl, which as the name suggests is the bowl-shaped area that holds the flower. When using a pipe to smoke cannabis, it is important to cover the carb, or hole found on the side of the bowl where the flower is packed.

A powdery substance produced by the reproductive organs of the male cannabis plant. Pollen contains the genetic matter necessary to fertilize the female cannabis plant, which allows them to produce seeds.

A joint that has been prepared by a cannabis vendor, dispensary, or brand. Prerolls are consumer-ready and eliminate the hassle of grinding, rolling, and sealing cannabis flower into a joint. Prerolls are typically available in strain-specific flavors and vary in weight and potency.

A term given for the highest tier of cured cannabis flowers available from a dispensary or delivery service. Private Reserve flowers are specially cared for to meticulously preserve terpene and cannabinoid content.

Cannabis extract created with propane as the primary solvent used during the extraction process. Propane Hash Oil is most commonly referred by its initials, PHO, and is often bright yellow in color.

A dispensary where marihuana is sold to registered medical cannabis patients or primary caregivers. Michigan state law stipulates the use of the term as well as the spelling of marihuana in reference to its law.

A terpene with a strong peppermint aroma. Pulegone is often used in flavoring agents, perfume, and aromatherapy. Pulegone is also an effective insecticide and is being researched to determine whether it can help the brain store memory by curbing memory-inhibiting proteins.

A proactive process that focuses on preventing defects throughout a given process while ensuring products consistently comply with customer expectations.

A process that evaluates cannabis products and services to ensure the desired level of safety and quality. Regulated cannabis markets have unique quality control requirements that may include quantifying or placing limits on the following analytes: cannabinoids, terpenes, heavy metals, microbials, mycotoxins, pesticides, moisture content, water activity, and residual solvents.

Cannabis Distillate that is void of the terpene profile from the original plant, making it flavorless. Raw Distillate is achieved separating the terpene and cannabinoid fractions by distilling winterized and decarboxylated cannabis oil. Some manufacturers reintroduce the terpenes from the original plant back into raw Distillate after distillation to add flavor.

The mutual exchange of privileges between individuals, businesses, states, and nations. In the world of cannabis, laws of reciprocity refer to one state or nation recognizing written recommendations for medical cannabis from another. For example, a law passed in 2014 in Nevada allows for the state to recognize medical marijuana recommendations issued in other states, thereby enabling its tourist-driven economy.

Reclaim is the sticky build-up that occurs after vaporizing concentrates in a dab rig. Reclaim, which is typically slightly darker than a dab, is leftover in your dab rig when concentrates re-condense or when your dab gets sucked through your nail into the confines of your rig. In many ways, reclaim is similar to resin — only the residue is on a dab rig instead of a pipe.

The use of a psychoactive drug in a non-medical way to induce an altered state of consciousness for pleasure.

A slang term used in place of marijuana, often referring to a joint. Reefer was simultaneously popularized and stigmatized by the 1930s melodramatic propaganda film, “Reefer Madness,” in which cannabis lures users down a dangerous rabbit hole. In the 1971 book “Cannabis Alchemy” by R. Gold, he refers to “impregnated joints,” or joints with added cannabis extract, as reefers.

Any remaining solvent present in cannabis extracts from the solvent that was used during the extraction process. Common solvents include propane, ethanol, and butane. Most jurisdictions limit the amount of residual solvents allowed in a packaged product. Residual solvents are typically removed when the necessary purging methods are properly performed. The state of Oregon has strict limits on the amount of residual solvents allowed in cannabis products.

A sticky and insoluble organic compound secreted by plants. In cannabis plants, the resin contains the cannabinoids and terpenes. During the growth cycle, cannabis resin serves as a defense mechanism for the plant, developed to protect it from predators and pests. Also used to refer to the tarlike residue found in bongs, pipes and other glass pieces after prolonged use without cleaning.

An unrefined, potent cannabis oil extracted using ethanol and named after the man who created it and first benefited from it. Canadian Rick Simpson claims he cured his own skin cancer with a custom blend of cannabis oil, which has come to be known as Rick Simpson Oil (RSO), or Phoenix Tears (the name of Rick’s website). Since then, he has touted the medicinal benefits of cannabis and used to give away his eponymous oil for free.

Also known as “blanks,” rolling papers are used to encase cannabis. The sheets may be made of hemp, rice straw, wood pulp, or flax, and can be used to either hand-roll or machine-roll cannabis. Typically folded inside a cardboard wrapper, rolling papers come in different dimensions, generally between 70 to 110 millimeters long, and may be flavored to enhance the taste experience of terpenes. Some flavored rolling paper varieties include blueberry, double chocolate, grape, and pineapple.

The resulting concentrate when heat and pressure are applied to the cannabis plant. Rosin is a desirable technique because its concentration doesn’t require the use of external solvents. It can also be used to turn lower grade hash into a concentrate that can be dabbed.

Cannabis ruderalis refers to a possible third subspecies of the cannabis plant, in conjunction with subspecies C. sativa and C. indica. According to today’s vernacular taxonomy, a “Ruderalis” plant has one or all of the following characteristics: autoflowering (flowering induced by age as opposed to a change in available light), a naturally occurring morphology, and CBD levels approximately equal to that of THC.

A terpene derived from plants and trees, notably the holm oak and Norway spruce. Sabinene is a major constituent of carrot seed oil and occurs in lower concentrations in tea tree oil. The terpene has a spicy scent and flavor profile and has been studied for its possible antioxidant and antimicrobial usages.

A term often used in the cannabis consumer marketplace to describe a cannabis product with uplifting, cerebral, and energetic effects, though as research evolves, we’re learning the reason we feel effects is actually much more complex than Sativa vs. Indica. Sativa cultivars feature long, thin fan leaves and tend to have long flowering times. Sativas flourish in warmer climates and can naturally grow up to 12 feet tall in a season.

A cannabis extract with a sticky, liquid consistency. Sauce extractions contain high levels of terpenes and are typically the most flavorful of extracts. Sauce is produced either by winterizing live resin or by allowing a butane hash oil (BHO) concentrate to age and sugar up, then fishing out the terpene crystals that form in the “terp sauce.”

The embryonic plant protected by an outer shell, formed when pollen fertilizes the female plant. Cannabis seeds are ready to plant and grow once they successfully germinate, or once the root has broken through the seed. They can be found in multiple forms; regular, feminized, and auto-flowering.

The life cycle of the marijuana plant from the time the plant is grown until the final product is sold to the customer. Some jurisdictions require digital tracking of the entire process to ensure cannabis products are not diverted. Companies that care for cannabis strains from seed-to-sale stay with the product while it is being planted, harvested, processed, and sold. Dispensaries in Massachusetts will implement seed-to-sale software that tracks each cannabis plant.

A communal act of smoking cannabis that typically involves two or more persons. There are many social norms to a “smoke session” or “sesh,” including joint or bong rotation, not “bogarting,” offering to “throw in,” and other basic action. One of the most iconic sessions in cannabis history is when people all over the world gather on April 20, or 4/20 Day, to participate in the act of smoking cannabis.

A brittle, glass-like cannabis extract with a tendency to snap when handled. Shatter is named for its break-ability, like shattered glass, and is favored for its ease in handling while dabbing. Shatter requires long and delicate purging cycles to properly remove all solvents used in the manufacturing process.

Cannabis flowers that were not pollinated during cultivation and do not contain seeds. May also refer to the cultivation technique to create seedless cannabis.

A quartz insert that ensures a banger stays clean during the dabbing process. The insert sits at the bottom of the banger and ensures vaporized oil does not condense at the stem of the banger while dabbing. To use a splash guard, place a concentrate dab inside the splash guard, heat the banger, and place the splash guard inside the banger to vaporize the concentrate. Conduction energy will heat the splash guard and keep the banger clean and free of any oil. I don’t want any reclaim in my dab rig, so I use a splash guard. I’m too lazy to clean my dab rig after every use and this splash guard helps keep things clean.

The reproductive element characteristic to the male cannabis plant. There are two parts to the stamen — a tubelike filament or stalk and anthers, or pollen sacs.

The experience of intoxication by the effects of cannabis. Often used to describe the heavy, sedating, and relaxing experiences sometimes associated with using cannabis.

The term used interchangeably with “cultivar,” “variety,” and “selection” within the cannabis industry. It has no official botanical meaning and has fallen out of favor in horticultural circles. In the world of cannabis, the term “strain” refers to the flower's particular variety, be it Sour Diesel, Northern Lights, or Jack Herer.

One of the many extract textures that can be produced, identified by its viscous, grainy, and wet quality. Sugar is typically used like any other extract and is usually desired for its high terpene profile. Many solvent-based extracts will sugar up over time if they are not winterized.

A term used within the cannabis industry to refer to the small leaves that, together with other sugar leaves, hold cannabis buds together. They are called sugar leaves due to the high concentration of trichomes that cover the leaf with a sugar-like appearance. Because of their high concentration of cannabinoids and terpenes, sugar leaves are typically trimmed off of the plant after it has been harvested and are then used for the production of concentrates.

A term that describes cannabis grown under natural sunlight in an outdoor environment. Sun-grown cannabis consumes fewer resources than cannabis cultivated indoors and its growth follows seasonal cycles, but are more susceptible to pests, plant diseases, natural disasters, and chemical cross-contamination.

The interaction between cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids present in the plant that define the effects of cannabis. Cannabis compounds can work together with other compounds found in the plant for a greater effect. THC and CBD work in synergy for a balance of effects.

A particular type of texture in Rosin concentrates named for its moldable, taffy-like consistency. Rosin is desirable for its easy ability to dab and the lack of solvents used during its creation. Manufacturers twist and stretch the concentrate after pressing in order to expose oxygen and render a soft, malleable consistency.

Terpene-rich, syrupy layer that typically surrounds diamonds, or crystalline structures, in sauce. The low temperatures utilized during the extraction process produce a high-terpene extract void of all plant fats and waxes, so it does not need to be winterized.

Organic compounds that provide aroma and flavor in cannabis and a variety of other organisms, including plants. Terpenes are responsible for the aroma and flavors of cannabis, and influence its effects by interacting with cannabinoids. Terpenes are formed inside cannabis trichomes, and their relative presence is directly affected by both the spectrum and intensity of light exposure.

A terpinene group of isomeric hydrocarbons that are classified as monoterpenes. Alpha-terpinene (a-terpinene) derives naturally from cannabis and other plant sources, including cardamom, marjoram, and oils of juniper and eucalyptus.

A terpene present in cannabis that is recognizable for its woodsy aroma in tandem with citrus and floral notes. This terpene, which may have a mild to moderate sedative effect, occurs naturally in sage, lilac, rosemary, conifer trees, apple trees, and tea trees. Terpinolene has been studied for its antifungal, antibacterial and anticancer properties.

An intoxicating and psychoactive cannabinoid found in cannabis. THC is the most well-known cannabinoid in the plant and is capable of inducing a variety of sensory and psychological effects, including mild reverie, euphoria, increased sensory awareness, and some therapeutic benefits. Historically, cannabis has long been cultivated for its euphoric and therapeutic effects, which are largely attributed to THC.

The most common cannabinoid found in the raw cannabis plant. THCA is non-intoxicating but converts into the intoxicating THC when exposed to heat through a process called decarboxylation. Research indicates that THCA has its own medicinal potential in anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-emetic treatments.

THCV is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid molecule that interacts with both the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, among other targets in the body. Its effects in humans are not well understood.

The period during which measurable therapeutic effects are observed. During the therapeutic window, the dose range of a drug activates and maintains effects potent enough to be measurable, yet low enough to avoid negative side effects. The therapeutic window helps me feel the benefits of THC without getting me too high. Adding CBD to THC widens the therapeutic window and reduces the psychoactivity.

Medication made by dissolving a drug in alcohol. Cannabis Tinctures contain a range of cannabinoids and are administered orally, sublingually, or in tandem with a beverage. Tinctures are often packaged in small glass bottles with droppers as caps for convenient dosing to allow patients a method of consumption that doesn't require combustion or inhalation.

A high-quality cannabis product often priced to be the most valuable on a menu. In terms of cannabis flower, top-shelf will exhibit an aesthetically pleasing structure, demonstrate desirable terpene aromas and flavors, and contain a high cannabinoid content.

A lotion or ointment that is applied directly to a part of the body. Topicals are utilized for fast-acting localized relief of inflammation and pain. Cannabis topicals are typically non-intoxicating, which allows patients to enjoy the plant's therapeutic effects without THC's attendant psychoactivity. This growing category of cannabis treatments has expanded to include transdermal solutions as well as lubricants, often including essential oils such as clove and wintergreen for additional relief.

A dabbing tool that uses propane or butane to create a steady flame that can be used to heat up a banger or dab nail. Torches are available in a range of sizes. Cannabis torches are designed to be used in any type of weather or environment and can blaze as hot as 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit, or 1,371 degrees Celsius. Considered a dabbing essential, the torch needs to be handled with care to avoid burning your skin or starting a fire. The torch was blazing like a rocket in a split second. Let’s light up that torch and make this January night feel like July.

The act or process of transferring things from one place to another by means of a vehicle, ship, or aircraft. Within the cannabis industry, this can include transporting bulk cannabis from a licensed cultivator to a licensed cannabis storefront, or a personal amount of cannabis from a storefront to one’s home.

Appendages on the surface of the cannabis flower that produce and hold the plant’s cannabinoids and terpenes. Trichomes are primarily produced on the flower, bract, and leaves of the cannabis plant, and have a sugary, crystal-like appearance.

The process of removing excess material from cannabis buds or a term referring to the resulting material. Cannabis flower is trimmed to make buds more attractive to consumers and create a less harsh smoke. This part of the plant generally contains fewer trichomes than cannabis buds but far more trichomes that are found on large fan leaves.

A concentrate produced using the leaves that were removed from the harvested plant. Trim cuttings typically comprise the small sugar leaves that grow within the cannabis buds. Trim Run concentrates contain fewer cannabinoids and terpenes than Nug Run or Live Resin concentrates.

A terpene with a heavy citrus aroma. Present in Valencia oranges, valencene is highly valued in the food industry as a strong citrus flavor additive. Valencene may offer anti-inflammatory, skin protectant and anti-allergic benefits.

The process of inhaling and exhaling vapor with the use of a vaporizer, electronic cigarette, dab rig, e-nail, or similar device. These devices utilize a heating element to quickly vaporize the active ingredients in cannabis for smooth, non-combusting consumption. Vaporization also allows people who require stronger medical cannabis products safer access to higher-potency cannabis through the use of concentrates and extracts.

A handheld device consisting of a battery attached to a cartridge filled with cannabis concentrate. With a Vape Pen, concentrates are heated not burned. Instead of smoke, the output is vapor. Because of the lack of smoke and handheld convenience from Vape Pens, some cannabis users prefer vaping over smoking.

A device that utilizes heat to vaporize the active molecules in cannabis oil. Though most are handheld, vaporizers come in all shapes and sizes despite fundamentally identical makeups. Cannabis flower, cannabis oil, concentrates, and extracts can all be vaporized to consume their activated cannabinoids following vaporization. Vaporization provide a less harmful alternative to smoking, as it occurs at temperatures that do not allow the cannabis flower to combust, which releases harmful tar and carcinogens.

Unbound water at the surface of a cannabis plant that can promote the growth of bacteria and fungi. Most cannabis regulations limit the amount of unbound water in order to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. According to ASTM International, during cannabis storage, this activity should remain between 55 to 65 percent. Measuring the water activity is a great way to test how likely the product will become contaminated with microbes. Limit the amount of water activity to ensure that microbes don’t develop in the moisture.

One of the most popular terms used interchangeably with "cannabis" and "marijuana." In cannabis culture, “weed” has become the informal word of choice to represent cannabis and marijuana. Although first introduced in 1929 , this term enjoyed an upsurge of usage in the mid-1990s, propelling it from relative obscurity to widespread popularity.

Also known as “de-waxing,” winterizing is a refinement process used to remove fats, waxes and lipids from extracts. This is achieved by mixing the extract with ethanol, freezing the solution to allow the undesirable compounds to precipitate from the solution, passing the solution through a filter, and finally removing the ethanol from the solution. The final product is considered a winterized extract.

A term referring to the consumption of cannabis and cannabis culture. Often presented as 420, it signifies the time in which to consume cannabis (4:20 p.m. and/or a.m.) and the date (April 20) to celebrate cannabis globally. 420 has also been used as a shorthand to imply a level of acceptance for cannabis use, culture, and lifestyle.

A code term used to represent smoking cannabis oil or extracts, as “710” is OIL upside down. A simple search of “#710” on Instagram returns countless photos and videos of extracts, rigs, and people taking dabs. Just like its all-encompassing relative "420" — 710 has garnered the representation of a niche cannabis lifestyle that is celebrated globally on July 10th (7/10).